Ukuthumela imali ngaphesheya kwemingcele: indlela izikhwama zeselula ezehlisa ngayo izindleko zokuthumela imali ekhaya

Imali ethunyelwa ekhaya ngamalungu omndeni asebenza phesheya ingenye yezindlela zezimali ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Emakhaya amaningi ase-Afrika ikhokha izimali zesikole, izindleko zokwelashwa, irenti namabhizinisi amancane. Nokho, ukuyithumela bekulokhu kuhamba kancane futhi kubiza, abamukeli behamba beya efasiteleni ukuze bathathe ukheshi. Izikhwama zeselula ziyakushintsha lokho: imali manje ingafika ngqo ocingweni lomamukeli ngemizuzwana, ngokuvamile ngengxenye encane yezindleko zakudala. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza indlela ukuthunyelwa kwemali kwamazwe ngamazwe kuya emalini yeselula okusebenza ngayo, okunquma izindleko zakho, ukuthobela imithetho okukuzungezile, nendlela umsebenzisi wesikhwama angengeza ngayo insizakalo eqinile yokuthumela imali engenayo nephumayo.

Ubukhulu bethuba

NgokukaBhange Lomhlaba, imali ethunyelwa emazweni anemali ephansi naphakathi ifinyelela emakhulwini ezigidigidi zamaRandi aseMelika ngonyaka, ngaphezu kokutshalwa kwemali okuqondile kwangaphandle nosizo olusemthethweni lokuthuthukisa kuhlangene emazweni amaningi. I-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara ithola amashumi ezigidigidi zamadola minyaka yonke, kanti emazweni ambalwa le mali iyingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo yezwe.

Izindleko zokuyithumela zisalokhu ziphezulu ngenkani. Isizindalwazi seRemittance Prices Worldwide sikaBhange Lomhlaba sekuneminyaka sikhombisa izindleko ezimaphakathi emhlabeni zokuthumela okulingana namadola aseMelika angu-200 zicishe zibe amaphesenti ayisithupha, i-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara iyisifunda esibiza kakhulu ukuthumela kuso imali, cishe amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili ngokwesilinganiso eminyakeni yamuva. Umgomo wezinjongo Zentuthuko Esimeme Zezizwe Ezihlangene ngamaphesenti amathathu ngo-2030. Iphesenti ngalinye liyimali engafiki emindenini.

Kungani ukuthumela imali ngendlela yakudala kubiza

• Ukheshi ezinhlangothini zombili. Umthumeli ukhokha ngokheshi ku-ejenti phesheya; umamukeli uthatha ukheshi efasiteleni ekhaya. Izinhlangothi zombili zinezindleko zokuphatha, abasebenzi nokuphepha.
• Abaxhumanisi abaningi. Izinkampani zokudlulisa imali, amabhange abamele, ozakwethu bokukhokha bendawo, ngamunye ethatha imali noma inzuzo yokushintshana kwemali.
• Izinzuzo zokushintshana kwemali ngokuvamile ezinkulu kunemali ebonakalayo.
• Izindleko zokuthobela zokuhlola abathumeli nabamukeli ohlwini lwezijeziso nokuqapha ukushushumbiswa kwemali.
• Ukuncintisana okuncane kweminye imizila, ikakhulukazi emincane.

Indlela izikhwama ezishintsha ngayo umnotho walokhu

Lapho imali ifika esikhwameni seselula esikhundleni sefasitela lekheshi, izindleko eziningana ziyanyamalala noma zehle:

• Alikho ifasitela lokukhokha: umamukeli uthola imali ngokushesha ocingweni lwakhe, ngaphandle kokuhamba noma ukuma emgqeni.
• Abaxhumanisi abambalwa: umhlinzeki wokuthumela imali angaxhumana ngqo nomsebenzisi wesikhwama, noma ngehabhu efinyelela izikhwama eziningi.
• Imali ihlala ingeyedijithali: umamukeli angakhokha izimali zesikole, izikweletu nabathengisi ngqo, akhiphe kuphela lokho akudingayo.
• Idatha engcono: i-KYC esikhwameni esamukelayo yehlisa ubunzima bokuthobela futhi isekela ukuhlola okusheshayo.

Ucwaningo nedatha yemboni evela ku-GSMA nabanye kuye kwathola njalo ukuthi ukuthumela imali esikhwameni seselula, ngokwesilinganiso, kushibhile kunokuthumela ukheshi.

Indlela imali ethunyelwayo engena esikhwameni esebenza ngayo

1. Umthumeli ukhokha umhlinzeki wokuthumela imali phesheya, ku-app, ku-inthanethi noma ku-ejenti, akhethe umamukeli ngenombolo yocingo.
2. Ukubheka igama: umhlinzeki ucela isikhwama esamukelayo (ngqo noma ngehabhu) ukuthi siqinisekise ukuthi inombolo iyasebenza bese sibuyisa igama elibhalisiwe ukuze umthumeli aliqinisekise.
3. Ukuhlola: umthumeli nomamukeli bahlolwa ohlwini lwezijeziso nolokuqapha; okwenziwayo kuhlolwa ngokwemikhawulo nemithetho yokuqapha ezinhlangothini zombili.
4. Ukushintshana nentengo: umhlinzeki uguqula inani libe yimali yomamukeli bese ekhombisa umthumeli inani eliqondile elizofika.
5. Ukufaka imali: isikhwama esamukelayo sifaka imali kumamukeli ivela ku-akhawunti yokuxazulula efakwe imali kusenesikhathi egcinelwe uzakwethu wokuthumela imali, futhi sithumela irisidi nge-SMS noma ku-app.
6. Ukuxazulula: umhlinzeki wokuthumela imali ugcwalisa futhi i-akhawunti yakhe efakwe imali kusenesikhathi kumsebenzisi, noma axazulule ngamaqoqo ngebhange lomsebenzisi.

Kuleja yomsebenzisi, uzakwethu ngamunye wokuthumela imali une-akhawunti yakhe yokuxazulula. Imali engenayo ihambisa inani lisuka kuleyo akhawunti liye kumamukeli, futhi umsebenzisi angabona noma nini ukuthi imali efakwe kusenesikhathi esele ingakanani kuzakwethu ngamunye, amxwayise ngaphambi kokuba iphele.

Imali ephumayo: ukuthumela kusuka esikhwameni kuya phesheya

Izikhwama eziningi zivumela namakhasimende ukuthi athumele imali ngaphandle kwezwe, ezikhwameni zeselula noma kuma-akhawunti asebhange kwezinye izimakethe. Ukugeleza kuhamba ngokuphambene: ikhasimende likhokha ngebhalansi yalo, umsebenzisi ushintsha imali bese ekhokha ngozakwethu noma ihabhu, futhi umamukeli ufakelwa imali phesheya. Imizila ephumayo ibaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini yabahlala phesheya, abahwebi abawela imingcele nabasebenzi besifunda.

Ekuthengeni ku-inthanethi nasezinkokhelweni zokubhalisa zaphesheya, ezinye izikhwama zengeza ikhadi elingabonakali ngemali eqinile, elifakwa imali kusuka kubhalansi yesikhwama, elivumela amakhasimende ukuthi akhokhe abathengisi baphesheya abamukela amakhadi.

Ukuthobela ekugelezeni kwemali ngaphesheya kwemingcele

Ukudluliswa kwemali kwamazwe ngamazwe kunesisindo esikhulu somthetho kunokwasekhaya. Okubalulekile:

• Ilayisense: ukwamukela imali ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokuvamile kudinga ubudlelwano nomhlinzeki wokuthumela imali onelayisense, futhi kwezinye izimakethe, imvume ekhethekile evela ebhange elikhulu. Imali ephumayo ngokuvamile idinga ilayisense eyengeziwe noma uzakwethu onelayisense.
• I-KYC ezinhlangothini zombili: umhlinzeki womthumeli uqinisekisa umthumeli; isikhwama somamukeli siqinisekisa umamukeli. Amanani aphezulu angase adinge amazinga aphezulu e-KYC.
• Ulwazi lomthetho wokuhamba: imininingwane yomqalisi neyozuzayo kumele ihambe nokudluliswa, ngokuhambisana neziphakamiso ze-FATF nemithetho yendawo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezijeziso kwezinhlangothi zombili ngesikhathi sangempela.
• Ukuqapha ukuhlukanisa imali, imizila engajwayelekile, abathumeli abaningi kumamukeli oyedwa, nokukhipha ngokushesha ngemuva kokwamukela.
• Imithetho yokushintshana kwemali yangaphandle: imithetho mayelana namanani angasetshenziswa, ukubika ukugeleza, nemikhawulo ngokwenziwayo ngakunye noma ngesikhathi.

Amanani nokusobala kokushintshana kwemali

Amakhasimende aya ngokuya aqhathanisa hhayi imali yensizakalo kodwa inani elifikayo. Umkhuba omuhle:

• khombisa izinga lokushintshana nenani umamukeli azolithola ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa;
• gcina inzuzo yokushintshana inengqondo futhi ingaguquguquki;
• yenza ukwamukela kube mahhala kumamukeli;
• nikeza imali ephansi kumanani amancane athunyelwa njalo iningi labafuduki.

Ukusobala kwakha ukwethembeka emakethe lapho abantu bethumela imali nyanga zonke iminyaka eminingi.

Lokho abamukeli abakwenza ngemali

Inani langempela lemali ethunyelwa ezikhwameni libonakala ngemuva kokuba imali ifikile. Abamukeli bangakwazi:

• ukukhokha izimali zesikole nezikweletu zezinsizakalo ngqo;
• ukonga ingxenye yayo ephaketheni lokonga noma ku-akhawunti yokonga yeqembu;
• ukukhokha abathengisi ngaphandle kokukhipha ukheshi;
• ukwakha umlando wokwenziwayo osekela ukuthola isikweletu kamuva;
• ukukhipha kuphela lokho abakudingayo, ku-ejenti eseduze.

Abanye abahlinzeki bavumela abathumeli ukuthi baqondise imali enhlosweni ethile, njengokukhokha isikole noma isibhedlela ngqo, okunika umthumeli ukwethemba ukuthi imali isetshenziswa njengoba ehlosile.

Ukwakha insizakalo yokuthumela imali njengomsebenzisi wesikhwama

1. Khetha ozakwethu: izinkampani zokudlulisa imali namahabhu asebenzela imizila yakho emikhulu yabahlala phesheya.
2. Setha ukuxazulula: ama-akhawunti afakwe imali kusenesikhathi kuzakwethu ngamunye, ngezimali ezifanele, nokuvumelanisa kwansuku zonke nemibiko yozakwethu.
3. Hlanganisa: ama-API okubheka igama, ukufaka imali nesimo, ama-callback asayiniwe, ukungaphindi nezimo zokulinda ezicacile. Bona ukuthi siyiphatha kanjani imizila yangaphandle ku-ukusebenzisana kwezinhlelo.
4. Setha imikhawulo nokuqapha kokugeleza kwemali ngaphesheya kwemingcele, kuxhunywe namazinga e-KYC.
5. Klama okuhlangenwe nakho komamukeli: ukufakwa kwemali ngokushesha, i-SMS ecacile ekhombisa igama lomthumeli nenani, nomlando ku-app.
6. Maketha kubathumeli abaphesheya nozakwethu, nakubamukeli abasekhaya ngama-ejenti.

Imali iya kuphi: isibonelo sokuhlukaniswa kwezindleko

Abathumeli babona imali yensizakalo nezinga lokushintshana; izindleko ezingaphansi zisatshalaliswe kulo lonke uchungechunge. Isibonelo esingezansi siyisibonelo nje, sokudluliswa okulingana namadola aseMelika angu-200, ukukhombisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye iya kuphi nokuthi izikhwama zonga kuphi imali:

Ukonga okukhulu kuvela ekwenzeni izinhlangothi zombili zibe ngezedijithali. Imizila ye-akhawunti kuya esikhwameni isusa ngokuphelele ukuphathwa kokheshi futhi imema ukuncintisana okwengeziwe, okwehlisa izinzuzo zokushintshana.

Ukukhetha imizila

Umsebenzisi wesikhwama akakwazi ukuxhumana nawo wonke amazwe ngasikhathi sinye. Beka phambili imizila usebenzisa idatha:

• Lapho izihlobo zamakhasimende akho zihlala futhi zisebenza khona: imiphakathi yabahlala phesheya namazwe angomakhelwane anokufuduka kwabasebenzi.
• Ukugeleza okukhona: amakhasimende amaningi asevele athola imali ethunyelwa ngokheshi futhi ayifaka; lelo nani lingadlulela ngqo esikhwameni.
• Ukutholakala kozakwethu: izinkampani zokudlulisa namahabhu asevele esebenzela umzila futhi angaxhumana ngokushesha.
• Ukwenzeka ngokomthetho emazweni womabili.
• Ukuhwebelana ngaphesheya kwemingcele: abahwebi abakhokha abahlinzeki ngaphesheya komngcele badinga ukudluliswa okuphumayo njengoba nje imindeni idinga okungenayo.

Ukuphatha imali efakwa kusenesikhathi nengozi yokushintshana

Ngemuva kokufakwa kwemali ngakunye okusheshayo kunesinqumo sokuxhasa. Umsebenzisi owamukelayo ufaka imali kubamukeli kusuka kubhalansi kazakwethu efakwe kusenesikhathi; uma leyo bhalansi iphela, ukudluliswa kuyama. Abasebenzisi nozakwethu bakuphatha lokhu nge:

• izexwayiso zebhalansi ephansi kozakwethu kusesekude ngaphambi kokuba imali iphele;
• imijikelezo yokuxazulula yansuku zonke elinganiswe namanani ajwayelekile, nesigcinelo ngaphambi kwamaholide lapho ukuthunyelwa kwemali kufika esiqongweni;
• imithetho ecacile yokuthi kwenzekani uma imali efakwe kusenesikhathi inganele: ukufaka emgqeni, ukwenqaba noma ukufaka imali ngokomkhawulo;
• ekugelezeni okuphumayo, izikhundla zokushintshana eziphathwa nsuku zonke ukuze umsebenzisi angavezwa ekunyakazeni okukhulu kwemali.

Ukuthunyelwa kwemali kufika esiqongweni ngendlela ebikezelekayo: ngaphambi kwamatemu esikole, ekupheleni kwenyanga, nangaphambi kwamaholide amakhulu. Hlela imali yokusebenza yemali efakwa kusenesikhathi neyokukhipha kuma-ejenti ngalezo zikhathi.

Ukuklama okuhlangenwe nakho komamukeli

Umamukeli ngokuvamile mdala, akazethembi kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe bedijithali futhi uhlala emaphandleni. Izinqumo ezincane zokuklama zibalulekile:

• i-SMS ngolimi lomamukeli esho umthumeli, inani elamukelwe ngemali yendawo nebhalansi entsha;
• asikho isenzo esidingekayo ukuze kwamukelwe imali, futhi ayikho imali yokwamukela;
• indlela ecacile yokukhipha ku-ejenti eseduze, nemali eyanele kuma-ejenti ngezinsuku zesiqongo;
• indlela elula yokuphendula umthumeli ngokubonga noma ngokuqinisekisa, okwakha ukwethemba kulo mzila;
• izinketho zokukhokha izimali zesikole noma izikweletu ngqo kusuka emalini etholiwe.

Uhlu lokuqalisa insizakalo yemali engenayo

1. Imvume yomthetho noma isivumelwano sozakwethu siqinisekisiwe sokwamukela ukudluliswa kwamazwe ngamazwe.
2. Izivumelwano zozakwethu zisayiniwe zemizila ehamba phambili, kuhlanganise nemigomo yokuxazulula namazinga ensizakalo.
3. Ama-akhawunti okuxazulula afakwe imali kusenesikhathi asethiwe kuzakwethu ngamunye, nezexwayiso.
4. Ama-API okubheka igama, ukufaka imali, isimo ne-callback ahlolwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, kuhlanganise nokuphela kwesikhathi.
5. Imithetho yokuhlola nokuqapha isethelwe ukugeleza kwemali ngaphesheya kwemingcele.
6. Imikhawulo yabamukeli ixhunywe namazinga e-KYC, nendlela elula yokukhuphula izinga.
7. Amathempulethi e-SMS abamukeli kuzo zonke izilimi zokuqalisa.
8. Ukuvumelanisa kwansuku zonke nemibiko yozakwethu.
9. Izinhlelo zemali yokusebenza yama-ejenti zezinsuku zesiqongo sokuthunyelwa kwemali.

Izitayela okufanele uziqaphele

• Izinhlelo zokukhokha zesifunda ezifana ne-PAPSS zihlose ukuvumela amazwe ase-Afrika ukuthi akhokhelane ngezimali zendawo, kwehliswe ukuthembela emabhange abamele.
• Imizila yesikhwama kuya esikhwameni phakathi kwabasebenzisi base-Afrika, egwema ukheshi ngokuphelele.
• Ukushintshana kwesikhathi sangempela nokuxazulula okusekelwe kuma-stablecoin okuhlolwa ngabanye abahlinzeki ukuze kube nokuxazulula okusheshayo nokushibhile phakathi kozakwethu, ngaphansi komthetho.
• Imali ethunyelwa ngenhloso ethile ezikoleni, ezibhedlela nasezinsizakalweni zomphakathi.
• Ukonga nezikweletu ezixhumene nemali ethunyelwayo, kusetshenziswa umlando wemali engena njalo ukunikeza imali mboleko.

Uhambo lomthumeli

Umthumeli ophesheya nguye okhetha insizakalo, ngakho okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kunquma ukuthi yimiphi imizila ekhulayo. Uhambo oluhle lomthumeli lubukeka kanje:

1. Umthumeli uvula i-app noma iwebhusayithi afake inombolo yocingo yomamukeli.
2. Kuvela igama elibhalisiwe lomamukeli, ngakho umthumeli uyazi ukuthi inombolo ilungile.
3. Umthumeli ubona ngqo ukuthi kuzofika malini ngemali yendawo, kuhlanganise nezinga nazo zonke izimali, ngaphambi kokukhokha.
4. Ukhokha ngekhadi, ngokudlulisa ebhange noma ngesikhwama.
5. Ngemizuzwana ubona ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi imali ifakiwe, hhayi nje ukuthi ithunyelwe.
6. Umamukeli uthola i-SMS enenani negama lomthumeli.

Izikhathi ezimbili zakha ukwethemba ngaphezu kwakho konke: ukuqinisekiswa kwegama ngaphambi kokukhokha nokuqinisekiswa kokufakwa kwemali ngemuva. Zombili zincike ekuhlanganisweni kwesikhathi sangempela nesikhwama esamukelayo.

Indlela yokukala insizakalo yokuthumela imali

• Inani lokwenziwayo nenani lemali ngomzila ngamunye, nokukhula kwenyanga nenyanga;
• Isikhathi sokufakwa kwemali kusukela ekukhokheni komthumeli kuya ekufakweni kwemali kumamukeli;
• Izinga lempumelelo, nezizathu zokwehluleka, njengezinombolo ezingabhalisiwe noma imikhawulo;
• Ingxenye yemali etholiwe esala esikhwameni ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, ekhombisa ukuthi abamukeli basisebenzisa yini isikhwama ngaphezu kokukhipha;
• Abathumeli abaphindayo, uphawu olucace kakhulu lomzila othembekile;
• Izindleko eziphelele zenani elijwayelekile, uma kuqhathaniswa nabaqhudelana nabo emzileni.

Amaphutha avamile emizileni yokuthumela imali

• Ukufihla inzuzo yezinga lokushintshana. Abathumeli bayaqhathanisa, futhi izinzuzo ezifihliwe zibhubhisa ukwethemba uma zitholakala.
• Ukufaka imali ngaphandle kwesaziso. Abamukeli abangazi ukuthi imali ifikile bashayela umthumeli, abese engabaza insizakalo.
• Ukuqalisa ngaphandle kwemali yokusebenza. Ama-ejenti ohlangothini lokwamukela adinga ukheshi ngezinsuku zesiqongo sokuthunyelwa kwemali, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kwamaholide.
• Ukuthatha ukuthobela njengento yakamuva. Uzakwethu ongakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo yokuhlola ngokushesha uzolahlekelwa ubudlelwano bakhe namabhange, nomzila kanye nabo.

Amagama abalulekile ekuthunyelweni kwemali

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ngingakwazi ukwamukela imali evela phesheya ngqo esikhwameni seselula?

Yebo, ezimakethe eziningi. Umthumeli ukhetha ukulethwa esikhwameni seselula ngomhlinzeki wokuthumela imali oxhumene nomsebenzisi wesikhwama sakho.

Ingabe kushibhile kunokuthatha ukheshi?

Ngokwesilinganiso, yebo. Ukuthumela esikhwameni seselula kususa izindleko zefasitela lokukhokha futhi ngokuvamile nabaxhumanisi.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukudluliswa kwamazwe ngamazwe kuya esikhwameni?

Ngokuvamile imizuzwana kuya emizuzwini ngemuva kokuba umthumeli ekhokhile, uma kuqhathaniswa namahora noma izinsuku kwezinye izinsizakalo zokheshi.

Ingabe umamukeli udinga i-akhawunti yasebhange?

Cha. I-akhawunti yemali yeselula ebhalisiwe ezingeni elifanele le-KYC yanele.

Yimiphi imikhawulo esebenzayo?

Imikhawulo incike kumlawuli, emzileni nasezingeni le-KYC lomamukeli. Amazinga aphezulu ngokuvamile avumela amanani amakhulu.

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