Indlela esheshayo kakhulu yokwethula i-wallet yinombolo eyodwa emgqeni owodwa: ikholomu ye-balance oyikhulisayo lapho imali ifika futhi uyinciphise lapho iphuma. Iyasebenza embukisweni. Iyasebenza ohlelweni lokuhlola. Bese kuthi, cishe ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi zemisebenzi yangempela yokuqala, umuntu athi uqhuba umbiko, izinombolo azihambisani, futhi akekho ongasho ukuthi imali iyephi. Uma kubandakanyeka inani langempela, lokho akulona nje iphutha lesoftware: kuwukuphela kokwethembana, futhi ukwethembana yikona kuphela okudayiswa ngempela ngumkhiqizo wezezimali.
Isiyalo esivimbela lokhu sineminyaka engamakhulu ayisithupha. Ukubalwa kwezimali ngokufaka kabili akuwona umhlobiso wezokubalwa kwezimali onamathiselwe kusoftware; kuyimodeli yedatha eyenza uhlelo lwemali lufakazeleke. Yingakho yonke i-ledger yezinga lokuhlanganisa izinkokhelo yakhelwe phezu kwakho, futhi yingakho eye-wallet yakho nayo kufanele yakhiwe kanjalo.
Umthetho ongaguquki okuncike kuwo konke okunye
Ku-ledger yokufaka kabili, imali ayidalwa futhi ayibhujiswa: iyanyakaza nje kuphela. Umsebenzi ngamunye ufaka iqoqo lokufakwayo okuthi amadebhithi namakhredithi akho ahlanganiswe abe uziro ngqo. Ukufaka imali kudebhitha i-akhawunti ye-float yomenzeli bese kukhredithi i-wallet yekhasimende ngenani elifanayo. Ukuthumela kudebhitha othumelayo, kukhredithi owamukelayo, futhi kukhredithi i-akhawunti yemali engenayo ngemali yesevisi. Kulo lonke uhlelo, ngaso sonke isikhathi:
Isamba sawo wonke amadebhithi sihlala silingana nesamba sawo wonke amakhredithi. Izincwadi zilingana ku-ziro. Njalo.
Leyo mfanelo eyodwa yenza umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu. Isho ukuthi ayikho indlela yekhodi engadala noma ibhubhise inani: ibhalansi ingashintsha kuphela njengesibuko sokushintsha kwenye ibhalansi. Isho ukuthi umphathi wezezimali angasayina izincwadi futhi umlawuli angazethemba, ngoba uhlelo lulungile ngendlela olwakhiwe ngayo, hhayi ngethemba. Futhi isho ukuthi ukuqhathanisa kuyayeka ukuba uphenyo lobufakazi bese kuba imfanelo ongayiqinisekisa futhi uyihlole.
Qhathanisa lokho nendlela yebhalansi eyodwa. Lapho, ibhalansi iyiqiniso elingenamsuka. Uma lingalungile, awukwazi ukusho ukuthi ikhredithi yasetshenziswa kabili yini, idebhithi yalahleka yini, noma isimo somncintiswano sahlanganisa ukubhalwa okubili yini. Unenombolo, kodwa awunayo indaba. I-ledger yokufaka kabili, ngaphezu kwakho konke, iwuhlelo olugcina indaba.
Ama-akhawunti, okufakwayo, nokuthi kungani imali ilinganiswa njengokunyakaza
Ushintsho lwengqondo wukuyeka ukucabanga ngebhalansi njengento oyigcinayo bese uqala ukuyicabanga njengento oyithola ngokubala. Ibhalansi isamba sokufakwayo okufakwe ku-akhawunti. Ama-wallet angama-akhawunti. Ama-float abenzeli angama-akhawunti. Imali engenayo yesevisi, ama-akhawunti okulinda, okuhlanganisa izinkokhelo, izimali ezingafunwanga: konke kungama-akhawunti. Konke ukunyakaza kwenani kungumsebenzi oqukethe okufakwayo okubili noma ngaphezulu okuhlanganiswa kube uziro.
Lokhu kunomphumela ojulile: i-ledger ingeyokwengeza kuphela. Awulokothi ubuyekeze ibhalansi endaweni yayo; ufaka okusha. Umlando awulokothi ubhalwe kabusha. Yilokho okwenza uhlelo luhlolwe: yonke imali eyake yanyakaza ishiye umkhondo ohlala njalo nohlelekile, futhi noma iyiphi ibhalansi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esedlule ingakhiwa kabusha ngokuphinda kuqhutshwe okufakwayo kuze kube yileso sikhathi.
Izingxenye abantu abazikhohlwayo, bese bezikhokhela kamuva
Umthetho ongaguquki uyadingeka kodwa awanele. Izimfanelo ezintathu ziguqula i-ledger elungile ephepheni ibe yileyo ekwazi ukumelana namanethiwekhi angempela nezitha zangempela.
Ukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda (Idempotency)
Amanethiwekhi ayanqamuka. Ikhasimende lithumela isicelo, impendulo ilahleke endleleni, bese ikhasimende, ngokufanele, lizama futhi. Ngaphandle kokuvikela, isicelo sesibili sifaka umsebenzi wesibili futhi ikhasimende likhokhiswa kabili. Ikhambi ukhiye wokuvimbela ukuphindaphinda: umsebenzi ngamunye onengqondo uphatha uphawu oluhlukile, i-ledger ibhala izimpawu esivele izisebenzisile, futhi isicelo esiphindiwe esinophawu olwaziwayo sibuyisela umphumela wokuqala esikhundleni sokufaka futhi.
Kuzwakala kulula kodwa kucashile. Ukuhlola nokubhala kufanele kube umsebenzi owodwa ongahlukaniseki: uma imizamo emibili ifika ngesikhathi esisodwa, owodwa kuphela kufanele unqobe bese omunye ubona umphumela, kungabikho nhlobo isikhala lapho bobabili beqhubeka. Uma wenza iphutha lapha, wakhe ukusetshenziswa kwemali kabili ngaphansi komthwalo, okuyiyona kanye inkinga engaveli ekuhloleni kodwa ivele ngosuku lokwethula.
Ukuhlehlisa, hhayi ukususa
Izinto ziyonakala: ingxabano, iphutha, isimangalo sokukhwabanisa. Umzwelo wokuqala ukususa umsebenzi oyinkinga. Ungalokothi ususe. Umsebenzi osusiwe uyimbobo emkhondweni wokucwaninga, futhi umlawuli ufunda imbobo njengokufihla. Esikhundleni salokho faka ukuhlehlisa: umsebenzi omusha okufakwayo kwawo kuyisibuko salowo wokuqala, lowo wokuqala usale unjalo. Umthelela wokugcina emabhalansini uyiziro; umlando ukhombisa iphutha nokulungiswa kwalo, kanye nesizathu nomsebenzi onamathiselwe. Injini eyodwa yokuhlehlisa engahlehlisa noma iyiphi isevisi (P2P, Khokha Isikweletu, Thenga Izimpahla, ukheshi kumenzeli, i-float, ukonga) ingumehluko phakathi kohlelo oluhlolwayo nengxabano.
Ukuhlola kusengaphambili
Ibhalansi, imikhawulo nesimo se-KYC kuqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ufakwe, ngaphakathi kwawo lowo msebenzi ongahlukaniseki owufakayo: hhayi ngemva, futhi hhayi ohlelweni lokusebenza lapho kungadlulwa khona. Umkhawulo ikhasimende elingenakuwudlula akuyona inkinobho evaliwe; kuyisithiyo esisetshenziswa endaweni lapho imali ibizonyakaza khona. Uhlelo lokusebenza luwukulula; i-ledger yigunya. Noma yimuphi umthetho obalulekile kufanele uhlale lapho imali ihlala khona.
Izicelo ngesikhathi esisodwa: lapho imiklamo elungile ifela khona
Izicelo ezimbili zishaya i-wallet efanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukuthumela nokukhipha, ngasinye sisemthethweni sisodwa, kodwa sobabili ndawonye badlula ibhalansi. Ukusetshenziswa okungaqondile kufunda ibhalansi kukho kokubili, kuyithole yanele kukho kokubili, bese kufaka kokubili, i-akhawunti ingene esikweletini. Lesi yisimo somncintiswano wezezimali sakudala, futhi asibonakali uze ube ngaphansi kwezicelo zangempela ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukuvikela kuwukwenza i-akhawunti ibe yiyunithi yokuhlela ngokulandelana: ukufaka ku-akhawunti kuthatha ukhiye noma kusebenzisa ukubhala okunemibandela okungahlukaniseki, ukuze izicelo ezimbili zihlelwe, esesibili sibone umthelela wesokuqala, bese kuphumelela esisodwa kuphela. Ingxenye enzima ukwenza lokhu ngaphandle kokuhlela yonke i-ledger ngokulandelana: ukukhiya i-akhawunti ngayinye, hhayi konke ndawonye, ukuze uhlelo luhlale lusheshayo luphinde lulunge. Lolu wuhlobo lwenkinga oluhlukanisa onjiniyela abake bakha ama-ledger nalabo abasezofunda ukuthi kungani enzima.
Ukuqhathanisa kuba yimfanelo, hhayi ukuzilolonga kwesimo esiphuthumayo
Ohlelweni lwebhalansi eyodwa, ukuqhathanisa kuwuphenyo lwasebusuku: khipha konke, qhathanisa nemizila yezinkokhelo, zingela umehluko, bese uthemba ukuwuthola ngaphambi kokusa. Ohlelweni lokufaka kabili, ukuqhathanisa ikakhulukazi kuyiqiniso elizibonakalisayo ongaliqinisekisa: ama-akhawunti angaphakathi alingana ku-ziro ngendlela akhiwe ngayo, futhi umsebenzi osele ukufanisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkokhelo kwangaphandle (lokho okunyakaziswe ngempela yibhange, umhlinzeki wemali yeselula nomphathi wamakhadi) nama-akhawunti okulinda nawokuhlanganisa izinkokhelo i-ledger esivele iwalandelela. Ukungafani kuvela njengokufakwayo okuthile okungafanisiwe okunombuzo ocacile, hhayi njengenombolo elahlekile engenandaba.
Isibonelo esisebenzayo: ukuthumela okukodwa, kufakiwe
Cabanga ngekhasimende elithumela umngane 1,000, ngemali yesevisi engu-25. Ku-ledger yokufaka kabili, lokho kuthumela okukodwa kungumsebenzi owodwa onokufakwayo okuthathu. Amanani ayizibonelo.
| I-akhawunti | Idebhithi | Ikhredithi |
|---|---|---|
| I-wallet yothumelayo | 1,025 | |
| I-wallet yowamukelayo | 1,000 | |
| Imali engenayo yesevisi | 25 | |
| Isamba | 1,025 | 1,025 |
Amadebhithi alingana namakhredithi, ngakho umsebenzi ulingana ku-ziro. Wonke umbuzo ongawubuza ngawo unempendulo kokufakwayo: othumelayo ukhokhe malini, owamukelayo uthole malini, umhlinzeki uzuze malini, futhi nini. Uma ukuthumela kuhlehliswa kamuva, umsebenzi wesibuko ufaka yona leyo migqa emithathu ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi yomibili ihlala emlandweni.
Ukheshi kumenzeli, kufakiwe
Imisebenzi yabenzeli ikhombisa ukuthi kungani le modeli ikhula. Lapho ikhasimende lifaka u-2,000 ngokheshi kumenzeli, i-float kagesi yomenzeli idlulela ekhasimendeni, futhi umenzeli athole ikhomishini. Ngekhomishini eyisibonelo engu-20:
| I-akhawunti | Idebhithi | Ikhredithi |
|---|---|---|
| I-float yomenzeli | 2,000 | |
| I-wallet yekhasimende | 2,000 | |
| Izindleko zekhomishini | 20 | |
| Ikhomishini ekweletwa umenzeli | 20 | |
| Isamba | 2,020 | 2,020 |
Ukheshi uqobo awulokothi uthinte i-ledger, ngoba ushintshe izandla ngokwenyama ekhawuntheni. Lokho okubhalwa yi-ledger yinani likagesi elidlula kusuka kumenzeli liya ekhasimendeni, kanye nesibopho sokukhokhela umenzeli ngesevisi. Lapho amakhomishini ekhokhwa, omunye umsebenzi olinganayo ususa isikweletu. Akukho okulinganiselwayo, akukho okubalwa kamuva kuspredishithi.
Ukuklama uhlu lwama-akhawunti
Ama-akhawunti owadalayo anquma imibuzo i-ledger engayiphendula. Inkundla ye-wallet ngokuvamile idinga:
- Ama-wallet amakhasimende, abenzeli, abathengisi nezinkampani, i-akhawunti eyodwa ngayinye;
- Ama-akhawunti emali engenayo yesevisi ahlukaniswe ngomkhiqizo, ukuze ubone ukuthi isevisi ngayinye ingenisa malini;
- Izindleko zekhomishini nekhomishini ekweletwayo yabenzeli nozakwethu;
- Ama-akhawunti okuhlanganisa izinkokhelo ngozakwethu wangaphandle ngamunye: ibhange ngalinye, iswishi, umkhiphi wezikweletu nomzila wezinkokhelo;
- Ama-akhawunti okulinda emali indawo yayo yokugcina engakaqinisekiswa, njengokudluliselwa kwemali okulinde impendulo kazakwethu;
- Isibuko sokuvikelwa kwemali esilandelela okufanele kube ku-akhawunti yokuphathiswa, ukuze ukuqhathanisa kwansuku zonke nesitatimende sebhange kube ukuhlola okukodwa.
Ukuhlola okuwusizo: uma uphiko lwezezimali lubuza umbuzo bese impendulo idinga ispredishithi, cishe ushoda nge-akhawunti.
Ukuhlola i-ledger kahle
Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezingxenye zekhodi akwanele ohlelweni okungafanele lwenze iphutha neze. Ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kuhlola izimfanelo kunezibonelo:
- Umsebenzi ngamunye ulingana ku-ziro, ukhiqizwe ezinkulungwaneni zezinhlobo zemisebenzi namanani angahleliwe.
- Ukuphinda kuqhutshwe kulingana nesimo: ukwakha kabusha yonke ibhalansi kusukela kokufakwayo kunikeza ngqo amabhalansi agciniwe.
- Ukuzama futhi akulokothi kuphindaphinde: ukuthumela isicelo esifanayo izikhathi eziningi, ngisho nangesikhathi esisodwa, kufaka kanye kuphela.
- Imincintiswano ayilokothi ingenise esikweletini: ukudubula amadebhithi ancintisanayo ku-akhawunti eyodwa akulokothi kuyehlise ngaphansi komkhawulo wayo.
- Ukuhlehlisa kuyabuyisela: ukuhlehlisa noma yimuphi umsebenzi kubuyisela yonke ibhalansi ethintekile enanini layo langaphambili.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kungokohlelo lokukhishwa kwezinguqulo, futhi kufanele kuqhutshwe nasedatheni yokukhiqiza ngendlela yokufunda kuphela, ukuze umthetho ongaguquki uhlolwe njalo ezincwadini zangempela, hhayi kudatha yokuhlola kuphela.
Ukusuka ohlelweni lwebhalansi eyodwa
Amathimba amaningi athola le migomo ngemva kokwethula. Ukufuduka kungenzeka ngaphandle kokumisa isevisi:
- Misa isakhiwo samabhalansi akhona bese uthatha isithombe sawo ngesikhathi sokunqamula.
- Dala ku-ledger entsha imisebenzi yebhalansi yokuvula efaka ibhalansi ngayinye yesithombe ngokumelene ne-akhawunti yemali-nkulu noma yokufuduka.
- Qhuba izinhlelo zombili ngokuhambisana isikhathi esithile, ufake umsebenzi omusha ngamunye kuzo zombili bese uqhathanisa amabhalansi nsuku zonke.
- Phenya umehluko ngamunye kuze kube yilapho ukuqhuba ngokuhambisana kuhlanzekile izinsuku ezimbalwa zilandelana.
- Shintshela ukufundwa ku-ledger entsha, bese ususa ikholomu endala yebhalansi.
Ukuqhuba ngokuhambisana ngokuvamile kuveza amaphutha omlando ohlelweni oludala. Beka isikhathi sokuwaxazulula ngokwethembeka kunokuphoqa i-ledger entsha ukuthi ifane nenombolo engalungile.
Inzuzo
Yakha i-ledger ngale ndlela futhi uchungechunge lwezinto ezinzima luba lula. Izitatimende ziwumbuzo phezu kokufakwayo. Ukucwaninga kuwukuphinda kuqhutshwe. Izingxabano zinomkhondo wamaphepha. Iziteshi ezintsha (ukuthumela nge-USSD, ukuthumela ngohlelo lokusebenza, ukukhokhisa nge-API) ziyiminyango ehlukene nje engena kuwona umnyombo oqinisekisiwe ofanayo, okusho ukuthi azikwazi ukuphambuka komunye nomunye. Imithetho ihlala endaweni eyodwa, isetshenziswa kanye, kubo bonke.
Yakhe ngendlela esheshayo futhi uzuza okuphambene nalokho: inombolo ongakwazi ukuyichaza, ukuqhathanisa ongakwazi ukukuthemba, nosuku lokwethula lapho uthola khona ukuthi into eshibhile kakhulu ukuyakha kwakuyiyona ebiza kakhulu ukuba ngumnikazi wayo.
Ngaphezu kohlobo olulodwa lwemali
Ama-wallet aphatha imali ethunyelwa ivela phesheya noma izinkokhelo zesifunda ahlangana nobukhulu besibili: uhlobo lwemali. Umthetho uhlala unjalo, kodwa usebenza ohlotsheni lwemali ngalunye. I-akhawunti ngayinye iphethe uhlobo olulodwa lwemali, futhi umsebenzi ngamunye kufanele ulingane ku-ziro kulo lonke uhlobo lwemali oluthintayo. Ngakho ukushintshwa kwemali kungamalungu amabili alinganayo axhunywe yi-akhawunti yokushintshana: imali yasekhaya yekhasimende idlulela endaweni yemali yasekhaya yomhlinzeki, bese amadola esuka endaweni yamadola yomhlinzeki aya kowamukelayo. Ama-akhawunti okushintshana akhombisa ukuchayeka komhlinzeki ezinhlotsheni zemali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, okuyikho kanye uphiko lomgcinimafa olukudingayo ukuze luphathe ingozi. Ukuxuba izinhlobo zemali ku-akhawunti eyodwa, noma ukushintsha ngaso leso sikhathi ngaphandle kokubhala womabili amalungu, yindlela ama-ledger anezinhlobo eziningi zemali alahlekelwa ngayo imali buthule.
Izitatimende, ukuvalwa kwenyanga nokucwaninga
Ngenxa yokuthi amabhalansi atholakala kokufakwayo, isitatimende simane siwukufakwayo kwe-akhawunti esikhathini esithile, kanye nebhalansi yokuvula neyokuvala okufanele zivumelane nokufakwayo okuphakathi kwazo. Ukuvalwa kwenyanga kuba ukuhlola kunephrojekthi: ibhalansi yokuhlola ilingana ku-ziro, ukuvikelwa kwemali kufana nebhange, ama-akhawunti okulinda achaziwe, futhi izamba zemali yesevisi nezamakhomishini ziyavumelana nemibiko yemikhiqizo. Abacwaningi bangakhetha noma iyiphi ibhalansi bayilandelele kuze kufike emisebenzini ngayinye, ngamunye unesikhathi, isiteshi, inombolo yereferensi futhi, lapho kubandakanyeke umuntu, umsebenzi. Lokho kulandeleka yikho okwenza ukucwaninga kokuqala kube yinto ejwayelekile kunokuba kwesabeke.
Ama-akhawunti okulinda, aphathwe kahle
I-akhawunti yokulinda yindawo lapho imali ilinda khona lapho indawo yayo yokugcina ingakaziwa: ukudluliselwa kwenye inethiwekhi okulinde ukuqinisekiswa, idiphozithi ireferensi yayo engafani nanoma yiliphi ikhasimende, inkokhelo kazakwethu efike ingenayo imininingwane. Iwusizo ngoba igcina izincwadi zilinganile ngesikhathi umbuzo usavulekile. Iba yingozi lapho iphenduka indawo lapho imali ikhohlakala khona. Inqubo enhle ilula: into ngayinye ekulindeni iphatha ireferensi yayo nesizathu sokuba lapho, into ngayinye inomnikazi neminyaka yayo, ibhalansi ibuyekezwa nsuku zonke, futhi noma yini edlula izinsuku ezimbalwa iyadluliselwa phezulu. Ibhalansi yokulinda ekhula njalo iwuphawu lokuthi kukhona okuphukile ngaphambili.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Ingabe ukufaka kabili kuhamba kancane kunokubuyekeza ibhalansi?
Ukufaka okufakwayo okubili noma okuthathu esikhundleni sokubuyekeza okukodwa kwengeza izindleko ezincane, futhi amabhalansi angagcinwa eceleni kokufakwayo ukuze afundwe ngokushesha. Umsebenzi wangempela wejubane usekukhiyeni i-akhawunti ngayinye kunokukhiya konke ndawonye, okuyikho okwenziwa yi-ledger eklanywe kahle.
Ingabe sisabadinga ababali bezimali uma i-ledger ingeyokufaka kabili?
Yebo. I-ledger iqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwangaphakathi; abantu yibo abasanquma ukuthi imikhiqizo ibalwa kanjani, abaphenya ukungafani kwangaphandle futhi babike kubalawuli. Okushintshayo ukuthi basebenzisa isikhathi sabo ekwahluleleni kunokufuna izinombolo ezilahlekile.
Ingabe okufakwe ku-ledger kungake kuhlelwe kabusha?
Cha. Ukulungiswa kuyimisebenzi emisha, ngokuvamile ukuhlehlisa, okubhalwe nesizathu nomsebenzi. I-ledger engahlelwa kabusha ayikwazi ukucwaningwa.
I-PesaBridge iphoqelela lo mthetho ongaguquki emnyombweni. Izinhlelo zokusebenza, i-USSD ne-API yabathuthukisi azikwenzi kabusha ukunyakaza kwemali: ziveza imithetho i-ledger esivele iyiqinisekisa, ngakho isiteshi ngasinye silungile ngoba umnyombo ulungile.