Yonke i-wallet ibhekana nokuphikisana okufanayo okubonakalayo ngosuku lokuqala. Yenza ukubhalisa kuqine ngokwanele ukwanelisa umlawuli bese abantu abaningi beyeka ngaphambi kokuqeda — ikhasimende elingenayo i-akhawunti yasebhange ozama ukulifinyelela alinayo i-akhawunti kagesi yokulayisha noma isineke sokuya egatsheni. Kwenze kuxege ngokwanele ukuze ukhule ngokushesha bese uba yindlela yokugeza imali, futhi ibhange elikhulu elakunika ilayisensi liyayithatha. Uma kubhekwa njengenkinobho eyodwa phakathi kokuthi "kuvulekile" nokuthi "kulawulwa", le nkinga ayinasimo esihle.
Isixazululo akukhona ukuthola indawo ephelele kuleyo nkinobho. Ukubona ukuthi inkinobho ngokwayo iyimodeli engalungile. Imodeli efanele yi-KYC enamazinga esekelwe engozini, lapho ukufinyelela kukhula ngokuqinisekiswa futhi imikhawulo iphoqelelwa yileja kunokuba ithenjiswe uhlelo lokusebenza. Uma kuklanywe kanjalo, ukufinyelela okuvulekile nokulawula okuqinile kuyayeka ukuphikisana.
Kungani "esekelwe engozini" kuyibinzana elibalulekile
Izinhlaka zokulawula imali yeselula — kanye neziphakamiso ze-FATF eziningi ezisuka kuzo — azidingi ukuthi wonke umuntu adlule esilinganisweni esifanayo sobunikazi. Zidinga ukuthi ukulawula kuhambisane nengozi. I-wallet ekwazi ukuphatha amadola ambalwa nokuthumela ambalwa ngosuku iyithuluzi elinengozi ephansi; ukufuna iphasipoti ukuze uyivule kuyibhizinisi elibi futhi, emithethweni egxile ekufakeni wonke umuntu, kuvame ukwenqatshelwa ngokusobala. I-wallet ekwazi ukuhambisa imali enkulu idlula imingcele iyithuluzi elinengozi enkulu futhi ifanelwe ukuqinisekiswa okugcwele. I-KYC esekelwe engozini imane nje ihambisanise ukuqinisekiswa okudingekayo namandla anikiwe.
Lokhu kushintsha kombono kuyakhulula. Awusafuni umkhawulo owodwa owamukelayo futhi ophephile ngesikhathi esisodwa. Wakha isitebhisi: isinyathelo sokuqala silula, futhi isinyathelo ngasinye esiphezulu sifuna — futhi sivula — okwengeziwe.
Amazinga amathathu, njengesibonelo
Isakhiwo esijwayelekile nesithandwa abalawuli sibukeka kanje. Izinombolo eziqondile zibekwa emakethe ngayinye nomlawuli wendawo; okudluliselwayo yisimo.
- Izinga 1 — Eliyisisekelo. Vula i-wallet ngenombolo yocingo kuphela, eqinisekiswe nge-SMS. Imikhawulo ephansi ngokwenziwe ngakunye, ngosuku nangebhalansi. Leli yizinga lokufakwa: noma ubani one-SIM angaqala ngaphansi komzuzu, futhi imikhawulo eqinile yiyo eyenza ukuqinisekiswa okuncane kwamukeleke kumlawuli.
- Izinga 2 — Eliqinisekisiwe. Engeza umazisi ovela kuhulumeni — inombolo, isithombe sedokhumenti — ukuze uphakamise imikhawulo ibe sezingeni lempilo yansuku zonke. Amakhasimende amaningi asebenzayo alapha.
- Izinga 3 — Eligcwele. Umazisi kanye ne-selfie eqhathaniswa nedokhumenti, ebuyekezwa ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza, evula imikhawulo egcwele nezinsizakalo zenani eliphezulu. Leli yizinga elivumela amavolumu amakhulu, ngokuqinisekiswa umlawuli akulindele kumavolumu amakhulu.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwekhasimende okuvelayo yikho okufunayo: akukho bunzima ekuqaleni, futhi ukuqinisekiswa kucelwa ngqo lapho ukuziphatha kwekhasimende uqobo — ukufuna ukuthumela okwengeziwe — kudala isidingo. Akekho ocelwa iphasipoti ukuze athole amadola akhe ayishumi okuqala.
Umgomo owenza lokhu kube ngokoqobo: imikhawulo ihlala kuleja
Yilapho imiklamo eminingi ye-KYC ihluleka khona buthule. Ichaza amazinga kahle, bese iphoqelela imikhawulo endaweni engalungile — kuhlelo lokusebenza, njengenkinobho evaliwe noma ukuhlola ohlangothini lwekhasimende. Lokho akukhona ukuphoqelela; kuyisiphakamiso. Noma ubani ofinyelela ku-API ngqo, noma osebenzisa uhlelo oluguquliwe, angakudlula.
Umkhawulo ikhasimende elingawudlula awusiwo umkhawulo. Uyilebula nje.
Ohlelweni olwakhiwe kahle, uphahla lwezinga luwumthetho ongaguquki ophoqelelwa yileja, uhlolwa ngaphakathi komsebenzi ofanayo ongahlukaniswa ongabhala okwenziwe. Ikhasimende lezinga 1 elizama ukweqa umkhawulo walo wosuku alitholi ukwenqaba okunesizotha esikrinini — ukunyakaza kwemali kuyenqatshwa lapho bekuzokwenzeka khona, kuzo zonke iziteshi, ngoba umthetho uhlala lapho imali ihlala khona. Umsebenzi wohlelo lokusebenza ukwenza umthetho ubonakale futhi ube nobungane; umsebenzi weleja ukuwenza ube yiqiniso. Izinga le-KYC liba yimpahla ye-akhawunti uhlelo olumaphakathi oluyibhekayo kukho konke okwenziwayo, hhayi isikrini ikhasimende elidlule kuso kanye.
Ngaphezu kwamazinga: ungqimba lokulwa nokugezwa kwemali
Amazinga anquma ukuthi kungakanani ikhasimende eliqinisekisiwe elingakwenza. Wona ngokwawo awalibambi ikhasimende eliqinisekisiwe eliziphatha njengomgezi wemali. Lowo ngumsebenzi wongqimba lokulwa nokugezwa kwemali ngaphezu kwamazinga, futhi umlawuli uzokubuza ngakho konke lokhu:
- Ukuhlola unswinyo ne-PEP. Amakhasimende amasha nakhona ahlolwa ezinhlwini zonswinyo nezabantu abavezwe kwezombusazwe, nezindawo zokuxhuma ukuze kuhlolwe kabusha lapho lezo zinhlu zishintsha. Ukufana kumakwa ukuze kubuyekezwe, akuvinjwa noma kuvunyelwe buthule.
- Imithetho yejubane nemikhawulo. Amaphethini abalulekile njengamanani. Uchungechunge lokwenziwe ngaphansi nje komkhawulo, ushintsho olungazelele lokuziphatha, ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwama-akhawunti — konke lokhu kuvezwa yimithetho ebuka ukugeleza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, hhayi nje okwenziwe okuphambi kwayo.
- Ukuphatha umsebenzi osolisayo. Lapho okuthile kuvusa umthetho, kufanele kuye endaweni ethile — umugqa, umbuyekezi, isinqumo, futhi lapho kudingeka, umbiko ophikweni lwezobunhloli bezezimali. Isexwayiso esingenayo inqubo ngemuva kwaso siwumthwalo, hhayi ukulawula.
Isibonelo esisebenzayo semikhawulo yamazinga
Izinombolo ezingezansi ziyizibonelo. Imikhawulo yangempela ivunyelwana nomlawuli futhi iyahluka ngokwemakethe, kodwa izilinganiso zijwayelekile.
| Izinga | Ukuqinisekiswa | Okwenziwe okukodwa | Isamba sosuku | Ibhalansi ephezulu |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Izinga 1 — Eliyisisekelo | Inombolo yocingo, igama | Phansi (isb. 10,000) | Phansi (isb. 20,000) | Phansi (isb. 50,000) |
| Izinga 2 — Eliqinisekisiwe | Umazisi ovela kuhulumeni | Maphakathi (isb. 70,000) | Maphakathi (isb. 150,000) | Maphakathi (isb. 300,000) |
| Izinga 3 — Eligcwele | Umazisi kanye ne-selfie eqhathanisiwe nebuyekeziwe | Phezulu (isb. 150,000) | Phezulu (isb. 500,000) | Phezulu (isb. 1,000,000) |
Ukuhlola okuthathu kwenzeka kukho konke okwenziwayo: inani elilodwa liqhathaniswa nomkhawulo wokwenziwe, isamba sosuku nomkhawulo wosuku, nebhalansi esele nomkhawulo ophezulu. Ukuhlola ngakunye kwenzeka ohlelweni olumaphakathi, ngesikhathi imali ibizonyakaza, kuzo zonke iziteshi.
Ukuklama uhambo lokwenyusa izinga
Amazinga asebenza kuphela uma ukwenyuka kulula. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokucela ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe yilapho ikhasimende lifinyelela umkhawulo, ngoba yilapho liqonda khona ukuthi kubalulekeleni. Uhambo oluhle lokwenyusa:
- luchaza umkhawulo ngamagama alula ngesikhathi ufinyelelwa, futhi lusho ukuthi izinga elilandelayo livulani;
- luvumela ukuqala ukwenyusa ngokushesha ohlelweni lokusebenza, noma lukhombe i-ejenti eseduze;
- lusho ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani futhi lwazise ikhasimende uma kuqediwe;
- lugcina lokho osekuthunyelwe uma okuthile kudinga ukwenziwa kabusha, esikhundleni sokuqala phansi;
- lurekhoda ukuthi ngubani obuyekeze ukwenyusa nangabuphi ubufakazi, ukuze kube nerekhodi lokucwaninga.
Ukubhalisa okusizwa ama-ejenti
Ezimakethe eziningi, ama-wallet amaningi avulwa ku-ejenti, hhayi ohlelweni lokusebenza. Ama-ejenti angathatha imininingwane nezithombe zomazisi futhi, kwezinye izinhlaka, enze ukuqinisekiswa egameni lomhlinzeki. Lokho kwenza ukubhalisa nge-ejenti kube namandla futhi kube nengozi. Ukulawula okusebenzayo: ubunikazi be-ejenti burekhodwa kukho konke ukubhalisa elikwenzayo; umhlinzeki ubuyekeza maphakathi isampula noma konke ukubhalisa; amaphethini angajwayelekile, njengokubhalisa okuningi okunemininingwane efanayo noma umsebenzi wenani eliphezulu ngokushesha, ayamakwa; futhi ama-ejenti abhalisa ama-akhawunti obuqili alahlekelwa ikhomishini yawo futhi, lapho kudingeka, ubu-ejenti bawo.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile ekuklameni kwe-KYC
- Ukucela konke ekuqaleni. Amakhasimende ayeka ukubhalisa, futhi labo ofuna kakhulu ukubafaka yibo abahamba kuqala.
- Ukuphoqelela imikhawulo ohlelweni lokusebenza. Imikhawulo kufanele ihlale ohlelweni olumaphakathi, ngaphandle kwalokho iyiziphakamiso.
- Akukho kuqinisekisa kabusha. Amadokhumenti ayaphelelwa yisikhathi futhi izimo ziyashintsha. Hlela ukubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwamakhasimende amazinga aphezulu.
- Ukuthatha ukufana kokuhlola njengesinqumo. Ukufana okuningi konswinyo ne-PEP kungamanga. Kudinga ukubuyekezwa, hhayi ukwenqatshwa okuzenzakalelayo.
- Ukulahlekelwa ubufakazi. Ukuqinisekiswa ongakwazi ukukubonisa umlawuli akwenzekanga, ngokombono wakhe.
Irekhodi lokucwaninga liwumphumela wangempela
Lapho umlawuli ekuhlola, akahloli ngempela ukuthi unayo imithetho. Uhlola ukuthi ungakwazi ukufakazela okwenzekile — ubani oqinisekiswe kuliphi izinga, nini, ngabuphi ubufakazi; yikuphi okwenziwe okuhloliwe; yini emakiwe nokuthi kwanqunywa ini. Yingakho ileja engaguquki, yokwengeza kuphela, ekhulunywa ngayo emibhalweni yobunjiniyela nayo iyimpahla yokuthobela. Ngoba umlando awulokothi ubhalwe kabusha, konke ukuqinisekiswa, konke ukuhlolwa komkhawulo, konke ukuhlehliswa kushiya irekhodi elihlala njalo, elihlelekile nelingabuzwa. Imibiko elungele umlawuli iba umbono walelo rekhodi, hhayi umjaho wokwakha kabusha indaba kamuva.
Ukuhlala kwedatha nokuthi ngubani ophethe ubudlelwano
Kunesinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu kubalawuli: ukuthi idatha yamakhasimende ihlala kuphi nokuthi ngubani oyilawulayo. Inkundla ehlanganisa amakhasimende abo bonke opharetha kusizindalwazi esisodwa esabelwanayo idala inkinga yobukhosi bedatha ngesikhathi umlawuli eyicela. Imodeli ehlanzeke kakhulu — futhi abalawuli abakhululeka kakhulu ngayo — ukufakwa ngopharetha ngamunye: isikhungo ngasinye siqhuba ikhophi yaso nesizindalwazi saso, ukuze idatha yamakhasimende ihlale nesikhungo esinelayisensi esiphethe ubudlelwano futhi esiziphendulelayo. Ukuthobela akukhona ukulawula kuphela; kuyigunya lomthetho, futhi isakhiwo sohlelo sinquma igunya.
Ukuthobela njengomnikazi wamathuba, hhayi njengebhuleki
Umzwelo wokuqala ukuthatha i-KYC nokulwa nokugezwa kwemali njengentela ekukhuleni — ubunzima obufanele ukuncishiswa. Uma kuklanywe njengesango elilodwa eliqinile, yilokho kanye okuyikho. Uma kuklanywe njengamazinga asekelwe engozini, aphoqelelwa yileja, nongqimba lwangempela lokulwa nokugezwa kwemali kanye nerekhodi lokucwaninga ngaphezulu, kuba okuphambene: okukuvumela ukubhalisa abangenamabhange ngomzuzu owodwa futhi ugcine ilayisensi yakho ngenkathi ukhula. Izinhloso zombili ziyayeka ukuncintisana, ngoba izinga ngalinye lizuza ukwethenjwa okudingwa yilandelayo.
Ukuqinisekiswa okukude okwenziwe kahle
Lapho imithetho ivumela ukubhalisa ohlelweni lokusebenza, izinga lokuhlola okukude linquma ukuthi amakhasimende angaya kude kangakanani ngaphandle kokuvakashela i-ejenti. Izinqubo ezinhle zifaka umhlahlandlela ocacile wokuthatha isithombe sedokhumenti, ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kokufiphala nokukhanya okubenyezelayo ngaphambi kokuthumela, i-selfie ebukhoma esikhundleni sesithombe esilayishiwe, ukuqhathanisa i-selfie nesithombe sedokhumenti, nombuyekezi ongumuntu kunoma yini ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo okungakwazi ukuyinquma. Isinyathelo ngasinye kufanele sitshele ikhasimende ukuthi kwenzekani nokuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani. Ukwenqatshwa kufanele kuchaze ukuthi yini okufanele ilungiswe, ukuze ikhasimende langempela liphumelele emzameni wesibili.
Ukuvikela amadokhumenti obunikazi
I-KYC idala elinye lamaqoqo edatha azwelayo kakhulu inkampani engawaphatha: izinombolo zomazisi, izithombe zamadokhumenti nobuso. Imithetho yokuvikelwa kwedatha e-Afrika ibeka imithetho eyengeziwe mayelana nokuthi aqoqwa kanjani, agcinwe kanjani futhi abelwane kanjani. Gcina amadokhumenti ebethelwe, nciphisa ukufinyelela kubasebenzi abakudingayo, rekhoda konke ukubuka, gcina amadokhumenti kuphela isikhathi esidingwa ngumthetho, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amakhasimende ayazi ukuthi uphatheni nokuthi kungani. Ukuvuza kwedatha yobunikazi kulimaza amakhasimende iminyaka, ngoba ngokungafani nephasiwedi, ubuso noma inombolo kamazisi ngeke kushintshwe.
Ukulinganisa ukubhalisa
| Isilinganiso | Okukutshelayo |
|---|---|
| Izinga lokuqeda ngesinyathelo ngasinye | Lapho amakhasimende eyeka khona ngesikhathi ebhalisa |
| Isikhathi kuze kwenyuswe izinga | Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukusuka ezingeni 1 kuya ku-2 noma ku-3 |
| Isabelo samakhasimende ezingeni ngalinye | Ukuthi imikhawulo iyahambisana yini nendlela abantu abayisebenzisa ngayo i-wallet |
| Izinga lokwenqatshwa nezizathu | Ukuthi umhlahlandlela ucacile yini, nokuthi imizamo yobuqili iyanda yini |
| Izexwayiso zokuhlola nemiphumela | Ukuthi mingaki imifaniso eyiqiniso, nokuthi ixazululwa ngokushesha kangakanani |
Lezi zinombolo ziphinde zisize ezingxoxweni nabalawuli. Ukubonisa ukuthi amazinga asebenza njengoba aklanywe, ukuthi ukwenyusa kuyabuyekezwa nokuthi izexwayiso zivalwa ngesikhathi kuwubufakazi obuhle kakhulu bokuthi indlela esekelwe engozini iqhutshwa ngomthwalo wemfanelo.
I-KYC yebhizinisi neyama-ejenti
Abathengisi, ama-ejenti namakhasimende ezinkampani badlula ekuqinisekisweni kwabo, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yazi ibhizinisi lakho. Umqondo uyisitebhisi esifanayo esisekelwe engozini: umdayisi wasemakethe angaqala ngomazisi womuntu siqu nemikhawulo ephansi, isitolo esibhalisiwe sengeza ukubhaliswa kwebhizinisi laso, futhi inkampani ekhokhela amakhulu abasebenzi inikeza amadokhumenti ayo okubhaliswa, abaqondisi nabanikazi bangempela. Ama-ejenti anezibopho ezengeziwe ngoba abhalisa amakhasimende futhi aphatha imali kakheshi, ngakho ukuhlolwa kwawo kuvame ukufaka indawo yokusebenza, umlando womsebenzi nenkontileka ye-ejensi esayiniwe. Imikhawulo nezimvume zezinga ngalinye lebhizinisi zihlala ohlelweni olumaphakathi, ngendlela efanayo namakhasimende.
Klama amazinga nomlawuli, hhayi ngenxa yakhe
Imiklamo engcono kakhulu yamazinga ivunyelwana kusenesikhathi nomlawuli, ayethulwa ekugcineni. Yabelana ngamazinga ahlongozwayo, imikhawulo, ubufakazi obudingekayo ezingeni ngalinye nokuqapha okungaphezulu, futhi ucele imibono ngaphambi kokwakha uhambo lokubhalisa. Bonisa ukuthi imikhawulo iphoqelelwa kanjani ohlelweni olumaphakathi nokuthi okuhlukile kubuyekezwa kanjani. Umlawuli oqonda umklamo kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi awugunyaze, futhi asekele ukulungiswa kamuva, njengokuphakamisa imikhawulo yezinga 1 lapho idatha ibonisa ukuthi ingozi iphansi.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Ingabe ikhasimende lingavula i-wallet ngaphandle komazisi nhlobo?
Ezinhlakeni eziningi, yebo, ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu elinemikhawulo eqinile, liqinisekiswa ngenombolo yocingo. Umlawuli unquma ukuthi lokho kuvunyelwe yini nokuthi imikhawulo iyini.
Kwenzekani lapho umazisi wekhasimende wenqatshwa?
Lihlala ezingeni lalo lamanje, litshelwa isizathu futhi livunyelwe ukuzama futhi. Ukwenqatshwa, isizathu nombuyekezi kuyarekhodwa.
Ingabe amazinga asebenza nakuma-ejenti nakubathengisi?
Yebo, ngendlela efanayo. Ama-akhawunti ebhizinisi avame ukuhlelwa ngamazinga ngokwamadokhumenti anikeziwe, kusukela kumazisi womuntu siqu womthengisi omncane kakhulu kuya ekubhalisweni kwenkampani nabanikazi bangempela bamabhizinisi amakhulu.
Amakhasimende kufanele aqinisekiswe kabusha kangaki?
Amakhasimende amazinga aphansi anengozi ephansi kuyaqabukela ekudinga. Amazinga aphezulu avame ukubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho amadokhumenti ephelelwa yisikhathi noma lapho ukuziphatha kushintsha kakhulu. Uhlelo lwezikhathi luyingxenye yendlela esekelwe engozini evunyelwene nomlawuli.
Ingabe imikhawulo ingahluka ngokwesiteshi?
Ingahluka, kodwa kuyaqabukela kube wukuhlakanipha. Uma i-USSD noma isiteshi sama-ejenti sinemikhawulo exegayo kunohlelo lokusebenza, ubuqili buthuthela esiteshini esixegayo kakhulu. Ukugcina iqoqo elilodwa lemikhawulo ezingeni ngalinye, eliphoqelelwa ohlelweni olumaphakathi kuzo zonke iziteshi, kulula ukuchaza nokuvikela.
I-PesaBridge yakha ukuthobela ohlelweni olumaphakathi — amazinga angalungiseka anemikhawulo ephoqelelwa yileja, izindawo zokuxhuma zokuhlola nejubane, irekhodi lokucwaninga elingaguquki nokuhlala kwedatha ngopharetha ngamunye — ukuze ukukhula nokulawula kuklanywe ndawonye, hhayi ukuthi okukodwa kunikelwe ngenxa yokunye.